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Acting in such a way that limits another person's opportunities aligns you with black. The power of black is in the actions themselves: initiative.

Abstaining from forceful actions aligns you with white. You give up initiative but you seem to gain a variety of indirect/protective powers like Dogan and Jacob have.

Dogan can't kill Sayid because that would be a forceful action, apparently enough to tip Dogan's alignment enough to where he couldn't maintain the ash barrier. Therefore, he attempts to get Jack and fLocke to do it. That would count against their alignment instead of Dogan's. It truly is a choice, evidenced by Jack and fLocke declining to kill Sayid.

Sayid has taken too much direct action - all the killings and torture - to possibly tip the scale back to white. Sawyer is in a similar predicament.

Jacob is so aligned with white that he has tremendous indirect powers but can barely take any direct action (else losing magical powers). He launders his actions through Richard who in turn launders his actions through the leader of the moment. Jacob has to ask Ilana to protect him, ask Richard to be his #2 and can't even defend himself from Ben.

If Jacob brings you to the island, your alignment is set back to neutral.

Locke, despite his good intentions, does a lot of bad things. "I was just following [what I thought were the Island's] orders," isn't a valid excuse. The same goes for Ben. As Locke's alignment bounces around a critical point, he gains or loses his ability to walk. Ben also bounces around a critical point, getting cancer, getting saved by Jack but then healing slowly.

As long as Hurley stays passive, he can talk to dead people.

Jack plays a delicate balance. He mostly influences people indirectly through leadership. He hovers around a delicate point where he gains/loses the "Jacob bring people back to life" power.

Jacob's touch bestows great freedom. The first freedom is passive freedom from direct actions being able to hurt you, including your own. The second freedom is active freedom to hurt other candidates. It's freedom to fail. When Jack drops the nuke, it can't detonate because that would be suicide and Jack is a candidate. Juliet can commit suicide because she's not a candidate. However, Juliet can not hurt the candidates because she's not one of them, hence they survived Juliet detonating the nuke.